ASUR - BABIL MYTHOLOGY

ASUR - BABIL MYTHOLOGY

 Semitic tribes, M.E.  They migrated from the south of Arabia to Mesopotamia between the years 3000-2000.  M.E.  It is seen that the influence of the Sami began to strengthen in the time of Sargon in 2732.  M.E.  In 1955, III.  This effect increased with the disappearance of the Ur dynasty, M.E.  This effect continued until 1000 BC when the Assyrians became the sole rulers of the region.

 The Babylonians were intellectuals and artists, while the Assyrians were warriors and harsh.  Despite this, the Assyrians dominated the Babylonian politics, but they had to accept their intellectual hegemony.  The ever-developing Assyrian State introduced this culture from Iran to the Mediterranean and from Palestine to Anatolia.

 M.E.  Since 3000 BC, the kings of Mesopotamia have established libraries and kept the tablets about the ceremonies in the temples in special archives.  The most important of these is the library of Assyrian King Ashurbanipal.  M.E.  Archaeologists 558-626 Rassam and George Smith found 2,000 tablets dealing with legends, prayers, magic methods, and astronomical rules.

 Also;  The reliefs, sculptures and depictions on coins enabled us to obtain more detailed information about the Assyrian-Babylonian beliefs, a form of the Sumerian religion enriched with Semitic elements.  Sumerian language in the scriptures, as the religious language M.E.  It continued to live until the Parthian age in the first century.

 In the time of the Sumerians, although Anu, Bel, Ea were the leading gods, the Babylonians highlighted their god, Marduk, and reworked the creation and flood myths as we know them today.  There were some 5,000 gods in the Assyrian-Babylonian Parteon.  The Assyrians did not put pressure on religion in the places they conquered and accepted the gods there.  However, the traditional Babylonian priests did not include Assyria, the official god of the victorious Assyria, in their official pantheon.

 In the Assyrian-Babylonian religion, two gods are seen as the Star-Earth (Fertility) god.  Although the origin of the god of fertility (Earth) is Sumerian, the star gods developed under the influence of the Semitic.  It developed under the extension of god.  It is understood that these two races have been together for many years, since this god has taken together for a long time.

 GREAT GODS

 Marduk

 Marduk, the son of Ea, represents the fertility brought by the waters.  This god acquired the kingdom of gods in the flood legend.  After his victory, the gods gave him fifty ranks.  Marduk has become a complete god, as each represents a distinct quality.

 The great gods had tablets of destiny.  When Storm-Bird Zu stole them one day, Anu promised great god-power to those who would bring them back.  Only Marduk was able to take back the tablets.

 Another time;  Marduk gave Sin-its former shine, whose light was turned off.

 Fighting evil, Marduk is represented when killing a dragon with a sword.  He is shown in this figure with his wife Sarpanit in the famous Babylonian temple Esapil.

 It is very interesting in the ceremonies held for Marduk.  On the same date each year, the statue of God was taken out of Esapil with a large crowd, taken to Akita in the countryside and entrusted to the congregation.  This ceremony, which lasted for ten days, with the return of the god returning from the shores of the sacred Euphrates to Esapil, represented the death, resurrection and marriage of the god.  Similar celebrations were held in Anu, Ishtar, and Nannar.

 Assyrian

 When the might of Babylon wiped out in front of Nineveh, Ashur, the chief god of the Assyrians, mingled with the ancient Sumerian and Babylonian gods, becoming the most powerful chief god.  Although his name meant benevolent, he was also known as a war god who led the army to victory.

 Ashur, which replaced Marduk and Ninurta, was sometimes represented as a winged disc, sometimes standing on a bull or flying in the air.  Since he is also the god of fertility, he is surrounded by branches and shown with a goat beside him.  His wife is the great goddess Ishtar.

 Star Gods

 Sin

 He is the moon god.  The sun god of War and the star of Merih Ishtar were his children.  Because the light was considered to come out of the night.  Sin was named Nannar in the city of Ur and was represented as an elder with a long lapis lazuli beard.  Every evening he would ride his boat and appear to people in the shape of the moon.  When it looked perfectly round it was called the crown of the god.

 Since Sin gives light in the dark, it would prevent those who want to do evil.  The evil spirits had prepared a rebellion against him because of this.  Because he was also a divider of time and was intelligent, other gods would take advice from him at the end of each month.  His wife's name is Ningal, besides Shamash and Ishtar, Nusku, the god of fire, was his other son.

 Shamash

 He is the sun god.  M.E.  II.  In one thousand, the Babylonian king Hammurabi had his famous laws dictated.  These laws consist of 282 articles.

 This god, who is confused with Marduk in these legends, lives in the eastern mountains, the scorpion men guarding the place open heavy doors every morning and take Shamash out.  Passing through the sky, the sun would bring his car closer to the western mountain, enter through a door there, and disappear into the depths of the earth.

 Courage and strength were the attributes of this god who missed winter and night.  His rule of enlightenment made him the god of justice in particular.  His temple in Babylon was called the Home of the World Judge.  At the same time, since he was the god of prophecy, he would inform the future through Baru: The Oracle.  He had a wife named Aya and children named Kettu: Justice, Mesaru: Hak, who was an abstract god.

 In the depictions, Shamash is depicted as a man sitting on his throne, with sun rays shining from his shoulders.  There were four pairs of horns on his crown, and with his right hand he held the scepter and ring, which are signs of domination and justice.  Shamash was worshiped especially in the city of Sippur.

 Ishtar

 She is the goddess of morning and evening.  It is the representation of the star of Merih.  Although the Assyrian Babylonians considered them to be goddesses, the Arabs considered God Attar.

 Known as the goddess of War and Love.  Ishtar was represented with a bow in his hand in a chariot pulled by 7 lions.  Since his habit is tough and authoritarian, he cannot tolerate his wishes.  Since holy prostitution belonged to Ishtar's cult, when he landed, holy prostitutes surrounded him.  She was the harlot of the gods, and it was the first time she felt the desires she awoke.  He has a lot of love.  He chose lovers from all kinds of creatures for him and would bring disaster to all of them.  The animals he loved were weakened and fell into the captivity of humans, while men turned to wild animals with jealousy and passion.  Ishtar's love would bring bad luck even to the gods.  The god of Agriculture, whom he loved in his youth, caused the death of July and cried a lot.  He went down to hell to bring him back, had the doors opened, and passed the seven chapters, leaving one cover at a time.  Although he finally arrived near Ereshkigal and attacked him, he called his deputy Namtaru, had Ishtar locked in the palace and attacked 60 diseases on top of it.  The disappearance of Ishtar caused great sorrow in the world, none of them reproduced as the living became sterile.  Upon Shamash and Sin’s complaint, Ea created Ashusunamiri to save Ishtar.  Ereshkigal could not bear the magic of this strange creature.  Ishtar came out of hell with Namtaru, taking his clothes, playing the flute in July, dressed in festive clothes, to facilitate the return.

 Thanks to Ishtar, who was not always a traitor, many kings ascended the throne.  He protected the Akkadian king Sargon and Ashurbanipal.  Being the ruler of the world with the power of love, Ishtar was the most favorite goddess of Assyria and Babylon.  Later, it was revered in Phenicia as Astarte and in Greece as Aphrodite.

 Nin - Urta

 He was the son of Enlil.  He became a god of war after being the god of fertility.  It was a mace with two serpents on his weapon.  Original is Sumerian and it is said that the storm - Bird Zu defeated him.  He was also suspected of killing July, taking the shape of a wild boar.  His warlike character made his whole nature hostile to him.  Some stones even turned against him.  After winning the fight, some stones became sought after by people.  Others, such as lapis lazuli, amethyst, were trampled under the feet.

 Gods of Nature

 Adad

 He is a storm god.  Standing on a bull is shown with lightning in his hand.  When he ordered the deluge, he did it.  It is loved because it also provides good wind and fertile rain.  He would represent prophecy with Shamash.

 Nusku

 Its symbol is a shoe shaped lamp.  It would represent the messenger of the gods and the sacred fire.

 Gibil

 He is the god of fire.  He is the son of Amu.

 Nina

 She is the goddess of water.  Its symbol is a floating vase with a fish inside.

 Isarra

 Her genus is the goddess of relationships.  She is represented by a scorpion she.

 July

 He is the god of earth.